Transcription location

Transcription definition
Transcription and translation notes
What is the purpose of transcription

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Transcriptional regulation

Control of DNA to RNA conversion in cells

Transcription regulation glossary
transcriptional regulation – controlling the rate of gene transcription for example by helping or hindering RNA polymerase binding to DNA transcription – the process of making RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase transcription factor – a substance, such as a protein, that contributes to the cause of a specific biochemical reaction or bodily process promoter – a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene Sigma factor – specialized bacterial co-factors that complex with RNA Polymerase and encode sequence specificity coactivator – a protein that works with transcription factors to increase the rate of gene transcription corepressor – a protein that works with transcription factors to decrease the rate of gene transcription

Transcription regulation glossary

transcriptional regulation – controlling the rate of gene transcription for example by helping or hindering RNA polymerase binding to DNA
transcription – the process of making RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase
transcription factor – a substance, such as a protein, that contributes to the cause of a specific biochemical reaction or bodily process
promoter – a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene
Sigma factor – specialized bacterial co-factors that complex with RNA Polymerase and encode sequence specificity
coactivator – a protein that works with transcription factors to increase the rate of gene transcription
corepressor – a protein that works with transcription factors to decrease the rate of gene transcription

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A singl

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Review: Susanne Fuß & Ute Karbach (2014). Grundlagen der Transkription. Eine praktische Einführung [Basics of Transcription. A Practical Introduction]

Authors

Thorsten Dresing dr. dresing & pehl GmbH
Thorsten Pehl dr. dresing & pehl GmbH
Christian Spengler dr. dresing & pehl GmbH

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-17.2.2570

Keywords:

transcription, qualitative social research, basics, introduction

Abstract

In "Grundlagen der Transkription" ["Basics of Transcription"], published in 2014, Susanne FUß and Ute KARBACH have gathered and analyzed recurring questions encountered in the course of their work in lecturing and transcription. Over nine chapters, which can be read in any order, they present an informed overview of the most important aspects of the transcription process in the (social) sciences. The authors have a

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Transcription, Translation and Replication

DNA, RNA and protein synthesis

The genetic material is stored in the form of DNA in most organisms. In humans, the nucleus of each cell contains 3 × 10⁹ base pairs of DNA distributed over 23 pairs of chromosomes, and each cell has two copies of the genetic material. This is known collectively as the human genome. The human genome contains around 30 000 genes, each of which codes for one protein.

Large stretches of DNA in the human genome are transcribed but do not code for proteins. These regions are called introns and make up around 95% of the genome. The nucleotide sequence of the human genome is now known to a reasonable degree of accuracy but we do not yet understand why so much of it is non-coding. Some of this non-coding DNA controls gene expression but the purpose of much of it is not yet understood. This is a fascinating subject that is certain to advance rapidly over the next few years.

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology states that DNA makes RNA makes proteins (Figure 1).

Figure 1

The Central Dogma of Molec